Bolstad’s Lab 9 is a good intro to buffering and overlay, but it’s a bit too complicated for its own good (so to speak.) Here’s a simpler way to do it.
To create the variable distance buffers around the lakes, instead of messing with the attribute table, do this:
Select Vector→Geoprocessing Tools→Buffer
Under Distance, click on the Data defined override button (next to meters) and select Edit…
Paste this text into the Expression box:
CASE
WHEN SIZE_CLS = 1 THEN 50
WHEN SIZE_CLS = 2 THEN 150
WHEN SIZE_CLS = 3 THEN 500
END
Click OK, then Run
Again, no need to mess with the attribute tables, or with the geometries. Just run the following tools: