Setting up my Raspberry Pi

Just a few steps to set up my Raspberry Pi for various uses

  1. Intro
  2. General Setup
    1. Enable SSH
    2. Add users
    3. raspi-config
    4. Increase swapsize
  3. WLAN
    1. Fix mac address:
  4. Syncing some folders with unison
  5. Mount NAS
  6. Add an OFF switch
    1. Prequisites
    2. Create script
    3. Set pin numbering to board numbering
    4. Allow user to execute sudo w/o password
    5. Automatically start script
  7. Webcam
  8. Deluge (Torrent client )
    1. Web UI
  9. VPN
    1. make autostart
  10. Jupyter
    1. Make secure
    2. Set options for certfile, ip, password, and toggle off
    3. Packages Matplotlib
    4. Install R Kernel
  11. Backup/Restore
    1. Backup
    2. Restore
  12. Media Player
    1. Audio output
    2. Autostart VLC
    3. Mopidy
    4. Fix HDMI (enable HDMI sound)
    5. OMXPlayer
    6. Switch to DAC

Intro

I have two Raspberry PIs 1B that I have been using for various applications.

As of 2023-09-23, I am using Kernel version: 6.1; Debian version: 11 (bullseye).

General Setup

find out which Raspbery Pi:

cat /proc/cpuinfo

Enable SSH

Place a file named ssh on the boot partition.

sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/griessbaum/
sudo touch /media/griessbaum/ssh
sudo umount /media/griessbaum/

source

Add users

Add a file userconf to the boot partition, containing:

username:<encrypted-password>

Encrypt a password, e.g. with:

echo 'yourpassword' | openssl passwd -6 -stdin

Copy over public key

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub griessbaum@192.168.2.106

Source

raspi-config

sudo raspi-config
  • Expand filesystem
  • Switch to en_US.UTF-8
  • WIFI
  • reboot

Increase swapsize

sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile 
CONF_SWAPSIZE=1000
sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile stop
# sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile start

WLAN

Easiest through raspbi-conig

Fix mac address:

sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

Add lines

noarp
interface wlan0
static hwaddress ether XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

Maybe, we also need to

sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no

Syncing some folders with unison

apt install rsync
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub phabian@192.168.1.105

crontab -e
# 0 * * * * /home/phabian/sync.sh
nano sync.sh

Containing:

unison -batch /home/phabian/jupyter/ ssh://phabian@192.168.1.105//home/phabian/Dropbox/

(install unison on both rpi and host)

Mount NAS

echo "username=" > /home/griessbaum/smbcred
echo "password=" >>  /home/griessbaum/smbcred
chmod 700 smbcred
mkdir /home/griessbaum/XYZ
sudo nano /etc/fstab
//192.168.2.101/XYZ/          /home/griessbaum/XYZ     cifs    user,credentials=/home/phabian/smbcred,iocharset=utf8,sec=ntlm,vers=1.0 0 0

Add an OFF switch

source

Prequisites

sudo apt install python3-rpi.gpio
sudo adduser griessbaum gpio

ls -l /dev/gpiomem

should yield:

crw-rw---- 1 root gpio 244, 0 Dec 28 22:51 /dev/gpiomem

Create script

nano soft_shutdown.py 
import subprocess
import RPi.GPIO as gpio

def loop():
    input()

def shutdown(pin):
    print('button pushed')    
    subprocess.run(['sudo', 'shutdown', '-h', 'now'])

Set pin numbering to board numbering

gpio.setmode(gpio.BOARD)

  • Set up pin 7 as an input: gpio.setup(7, gpio.IN)
  • Set up an interrupt to look for button presses: gpio.add_event_detect(7, gpio.RISING, callback=shutdown, bouncetime=200)
  • Run the loop function to keep script running loop()

Allow user to execute sudo w/o password

sudo visudo
griessbaum ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

Automatically start script

Add to rc.local

sudo nano /etc/rc.local
python3 /home/griessbaum/soft_shutdown.py &

Add a script to start on startup

echo "python3 soft_shutdown.py &" > soft_shutdown.sh
crontab -e

Webcam

sudo apt-get install motion
sudo nano /etc/motion/motion.conf
sudo nano /etc/default/motion
ssh 192.168.1.204 ./webcam.sh

Deluge (Torrent client )

source

sudo apt install deluged deluge-console
deluged sudo pkill deluged
nano .config/deluge/auth

add line with user:password:level

deluged deluge-console -> config -s allow_remote True -> exit

sudo killall deluged
deluged

Web UI

deluge-web
nano .config/deluge/web.conf
deluge-web

VPN

source

sudo apt install openvpn
cd ~
mkdir openvpn
cd openvpn
wget https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/openvpn/openvpn.zip
unzip openvpn.zip
rm openvpn.zip
sudo nano login.conf
  • your-privateinternetaccess-username
  • your-privateinternetaccess-password
sudo chmod 400 login.conf
nano Netherlands.ovpn     
auth-user-pass login.conf
sudo cp crl.rsa.2048.pem /etc/openvpn
sudo cp ca.rsa.2048.crt /etc/openvpn
sudo cp login.conf /etc/openvpn
sudo cp Netherlands.ovpn /etc/openvpn/Netherlands.conf
sudo nano /etc/openvpn/Netherlands.conf

-> prefix auth-user-pass, crl-verify, and ca with /etc/openvpn/ crl-verify /etc/openvpn/crl.rsa.2048.pem
auth-user-pass /etc/openvpn/login.conf ca /etc/openvpn/ca.rsa.2048.crt

make autostart

sudo nano /etc/default/openvpn 
-> AUTOSTART=Netherlands

chrome plugin delugeshypon

Jupyter

https://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/jupyter-lab-on-raspberry-pi-22876591b227

sudo apt install python3
sudo apt install python3-pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip
pip3 install jupyterlab
reboot
jupyter notebook --generate-config

Verify which jupyter-lab

Make secure

Hash a password

python3
from notebook.auth import passwd
passwd()
openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:1024 -keyout jupyter.key -out jupyter.pem
nano ~/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py

Set options for certfile, ip, password, and toggle off

# browser auto-opening
c.NotebookApp.certfile = '/home/griessbaum/jupyter.pem'
c.NotebookApp.keyfile = '/home/griessbaum/jupyter.key'

# Set ip to '*' to bind on all interfaces (ips) for the public server
c.NotebookApp.ip = '0.0.0.0'
c.NotebookApp.password = u'sha1:bcd259ccf...<your hashed password here>' # From up there
c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False

# It is a good idea to set a known, fixed port for server access
c.NotebookApp.port = 9999

Packages Matplotlib

  • Installing matplotlib from pip will result in. ImportError: libopenblas.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory The followings piphould solve it: sudo apt install libopenblas-dev
  • pip install pandas --no-cache-dir

Install R Kernel

Make sure we have enough sawp

sudo apt install r-base r-base-dev

get conda wget https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86.sh

Install irkernel

sudo apt install libcurl4-openssl-dev
sudo apt install libssl-dev
sudo apt install libssh2-1-dev
sudo apt install libxml2-dev libxslt-dev 
sudo apt install libcurl-ocaml-dev
install.packages(c('repr', 'IRdisplay', 'evaluate', 'crayon', 'pbdZMQ', 'devtools', 'uuid', 'digest'))

if R < 3.2: either

options(repos='http://cran.rstudio.com/')
options(download.file.method = "wget")
install.packages('RCurl')

or update R

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie main contrib non-free rpi
deb http://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian/ stretch main  

devtools::install_github('IRkernel/IRkernel')
IRkernel::installspec(user = FALSE)

Install ggplot

install.packages('ggplot2', repos='http://cran.us.r-project.org')

installing rJava

apt install openjdk-8-jdk
R CMD javareconf 
sudo R 
install.packages("rJava", "/home/phabian/anaconda3/lib/R/library")

Backup/Restore

See which device

sudo fdisk -l

Backup

DATE=$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
FILENENDING=_Raspberrypy.img
  • As gz:
sudo dd if=/dev/sdx status=progress conv=fsync | gzip > $DATE$FILENENDING.gz
  • As raw img
sudo dd if=/dev/sdx of=~/$DATE$FILENENDING status=progress conv=fsync

Restore

FILENAME=2018-03-01_Raspberrypy.img.zip

  • From gz:
gunzip --stdout $FILENAME | sudo dd bs=4M of=/dev/sdx status=progress conv=fsync
  • From raw img
sudo dd bs=4M if=$FILENAME of=/dev/sdx status=progress conv=fsync

Media Player

sudo usermod -aG audio griessbaum

Audio output

sudo nano /etc/asound.conf 

"pcm.!default 
{
  type plug
  slave 
    {
      pcm "hw:1,0"
    }
}

ctl.!default 
{
  type hw
  card 1
}"

Autostart VLC

sudo apt-get install vlc-nox
su
mkdir /etc/vlc/
printf "sudo -u phabian cvlc -I http -d --http-password 'siegfried' > /dev/null" > /etc/vlc/vlc_server.sh
chmod +x /etc/vlc/vlc_server.sh
sudo crontab -e
"@reboot /etc/vlc/vlc_server.sh"

Mopidy

wget -q -O - https://apt.mopidy.com/mopidy.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo wget -q -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mopidy.list https://apt.mopidy.com/jessie.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mopidy mopidy-spotify python-pip mopidy-youtube
sudo apt-get install sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-plugins-good
sudo pip install Mopidy-MusicBox-Webclient
sudo dpkg-reconfigure mopidy
sudo mopidyctl config
sudo nano /etc/mopidy/mopidy.conf

[http]
enabled = true
hostname = 0.0.0.0
port = 6680
static_dir =
zeroconf = Mopidy HTTP server on $hostname

[spotify]
enabled = true
username = 
password =

Fix HDMI (enable HDMI sound)

sudo nano /boot/config.txt
hdmi_force_hotplug=1
hdmi_drive=2

OMXPlayer

sudo apt install omxplayer screen
sudo usermod -aG video griessbaum
omxplayer /opt/vc/src/hello_pi/hello_video/test.h264

hdmi audio (also in remote:)

omxplayer -o hdmi FILENAME

subtitles issues:

sudo apt install fonts-freefont-ttf

Error COMXAudio::Decode timeout

sudo echo "gpu_mem=128" >> /boot/config.txt

Switch to DAC

sudo nano /etc/asound.conf 
pcm.!default 
{
  type plug
  slave 
    {
      pcm "hw:1,0"
    }
}

ctl.!default 
{
  type hw
  card 1
}